OPTIMIZATION OF SEED OIL EXTRACTION YIELD FROM VITIS VINIFERA WITH SUPERCRITICAL CO2

Abstract

The extraction yield of Quebranta grape seed oil was optimized with the response surface method. Three factors were considered: pressure (Pbar), temperature (T) and CO2 flow (F). The response variables were the oil yield, peroxide value (POV) and anisidine. The seed was characterized, and the particle size was established for the oil extraction. The extractions were executed according to the RSM design and the oil yield, POV and anisidine were calculated. The composition of fatty acids was determined by gas chromatography and the antioxidant activity by reduction of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydro-radical (DPPH) of the optimized oil obtained with CO2 and that extracted with hexane (control). The Pbar, T and F had significant effect on the oil yield, but did not have significant effect on the POV and anisidine. These results were promising to increase added value of the seed and pisco production residue because the oil contained 66.4 % of linoleic acid, 20.05 % of oleic acid and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 7.8 mM.