ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS OF THE PEEL OF SANKY (Corryocactus brevistylus)

Abstract

The ultrasound-assisted extraction allows to recover bioactive substances in the agroindustrial waste, besides, is a fast, clean and friendly with the environment technique. The extraction of total phenolic components by ultrasound was carried out on the peel of the fruit of the sanky (Corryocactus brevistylus). This plant is a cactus that grows in the Andes of Peru and its fruit is used by the communities. The sanky peel reported: humidity 10,74 %; protein 9,19 %; ashes 14,75 %; 2,68 % fat; fiber 16,39 % and nitrogen-free extract 46,25 %. The sanky seeds reported 207,81 ppm of calcium, 39,36 ppm of iron and 9,4 ppm of zinc. For the extraction, three factors and each one in three levels were evaluated: solvent concentration (40 %, 50 % and 60 %), time (20, 30 and 40 minutes) and temperature (25, 35 and 45 °C). The design of Box Behnken was used, reporting 15 experimental trials. The total polyphenols was evaluated by the Folin Ciocalteau method. The M11 (50 % v/v ethanol, 40 minutes and 25 °C) treatment reported 43,9 mg galic acid/g dry sample, and was the most efficient. The following three treatments: M3 (60 % v/v, 40 minutes, 35 °C); M6 (40 % v/v, 30 minutes, 45 °C) and M9 (50 % v/v, 20 minutes, 25 °C) did not show significant differences, reporting values of 31,5; 32,9 and 32,6 mg galic acid/g dry sample, respectively. The most important variable was the extraction time, then the concentration of solvent. The objective was to determine the variables of solvent concentration, time and temperature during the ultrasoundassisted extraction to recover the phenolic components of the peel of sanky.